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Religious individuals and institutions around the world have often been involved with important moral issues, guiding their communities in moral behavior and at times influencing policymakers. In the early twenty-first century, environmental problems such as anthropogenic climate change, resource depletion, and pollution are critical moral issues. While religious leaders offer vastly different solutions and perspectives, religious voices have gained influence in local, national, and global environmental policy debates. Traditionally-defined religious traditions and institutions are not the only emerging religious responses to environmental problems. Forms of nature-venerating religiosity—whether viewing the natural world as a sacred entity or finding wonder in natural ecological processes—have also emerged as critiques of anti-environmental practices and policies, forming a supportive activist spiritual network in the western world. Acknowledging that controversies exist I provide greater discussion on "dark green religion," a diverse set of nature-revering values and practices often found among western environmentalist communities. Its many branches include Gaia Theory (a scientific theory understanding the whole world as a singular organism), Deep Ecology (an ethical theory positing inherent value in nature), and certain interpretations of Native North American religious traditions (at times problematic and romanticized), all of which define a complex and diverse religious milieu among western environmentalist communities. I discuss several examples from within the long-lived opposition movement to surface coal mining. Nature-venerating religiosity, including dark green religion, forms an important thread of contemporary religious response to burgeoning environmental problems. As some scientists argue that climate change, resource depletion, and other environmental issues will only worsen without proactive changes toward sustainable policies, dark green religiosity will likely continue to be important.

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_19

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